Frequently Asked
Questions

A trustline is an explicit authorization that you establish from your Stellar account to accept a specific token (like EURC or USDC). Without a trustline, you cannot receive that asset. This gives you full control: only the tokens you explicitly approve can enter your wallet.

In your wallet (Lobstr, Freighter, StellarTerm), go to "Assets" → "Add Asset" → search for EURC (issuer: Circle). Confirm the transaction paying ~0.00001 XLM in fees. Once activated, the trustline allows you to receive and send EURC without limits.

Activating a Stellar account requires a minimum reserve of 1 XLM (~€0.10). Each additional element (trustline, active offer) adds 0.5 XLM. An account with 2 trustlines needs: 1 + 0.5 + 0.5 = 2 XLM reserved. The rest is freely usable.

EURC is a digital euro issued by Circle (the same company behind USDC), regulated under MiCA in the EU. Each EURC is backed 1:1 by euros held in segregated bank accounts, with monthly audits by Deloitte. It is the preferred stablecoin for euro operations in Europe.

Option 1 (direct): Through Circle with verified business account, SEPA transfer → EURC 1:1. Option 2 (fast): Buy EURC on exchanges like Kraken or Bitstamp with euros. Option 3 (DEX): Swap XLM for EURC on the Stellar DEX via StellarTerm or Lobstr.

Both are issued by Circle with the same transparency standards. EURC = pegged to euro (€1), ideal for European operations. USDC = pegged to dollar ($1), with more global liquidity. On Stellar, both work identically in terms of speed and costs.

Yes. Circle publishes monthly attestation reports audited by Deloitte, verifying that reserves equal or exceed circulating supply. As an E-Money Token (EMT) under MiCA, Circle must maintain reserves in regulated EU banks.

3-5 seconds with complete finality. Unlike SEPA transfers (hours/days) or card payments (with potential chargebacks), on Stellar the transaction is final and irreversible once confirmed in the ledger.

No. The recipient must have an active EURC trustline BEFORE you send. If they don't, the transaction will fail and your funds remain intact. Solution: the recipient must first set up the trustline; you can send XLM to help them activate it.

If the address doesn't exist, the transaction fails. If it exists but doesn't have the trustline, it also fails. If it exists and has the trustline, the transfer is irreversible. Always verify the full G... address or use federation addresses (user*domain).

Use blockchain explorers: stellar.expert or stellarchain.io. Enter the transaction hash or address to see: status, amount, fees, timestamp, and origin/destination accounts. All transactions are public and auditable forever.

The network fee is flat: 0.00001 XLM (~€0.000001) regardless of amount. A €10,000 transfer costs the same as a €1 transfer. Compare: SEPA ~€0.20-3, SWIFT ~€25-50, credit card ~€150-300 (1.5-3%).

No on the network side. Stellar fees are fixed and transparent. Possible additional costs: conversion spread on on/off ramps (1-2%), platform fees (if using intermediaries). With CuanDeOro you only pay the network fee.

Only you, if you use a non-custodial wallet (Freighter, Ledger). Your private key never leaves your device. Not even CuanDeOro can move your funds. This is different from banks or exchanges where a third party controls your balance.

Without your seed phrase (12/24 words), access to your funds is permanently lost. There is no "recovery". Best practices: physical copy in a secure place, never digital (no photos, no cloud). Consider splitting the phrase between multiple safe locations.

The network itself cannot freeze assets. However, EURC has issuer-level freeze enabled (Circle), required by MiCA for regulatory compliance. This only occurs in proven cases of fraud, money laundering, or court order. In 99.9% of cases, your EURC is unrestricted.

EURC exists natively on Stellar, Ethereum, and other networks. To move between chains, use bridges (like Circle's CCTP) or exchange via CEX: deposit EURC Stellar → withdraw EURC Ethereum. Cross-chain fees are higher than intra-Stellar operations.

Same value, same issuer (Circle), same 1:1 backing. The difference is the underlying network: Stellar = faster (3-5s) and cheaper (0.00001 XLM). Ethereum = more DeFi ecosystem but higher fees ($5-50+). Both are interchangeable via Circle.

On the Stellar network, there is no technical limit. Limits depend on: the platform you use (KYC tiers), on/off ramp provider (Moonpay, Ramp: progressive limits), business requirements (payments over €10,000 may require additional verification under AML).

Using EURC directly on Stellar does NOT require KYC. KYC is required to: convert EUR → EURC via regulated ramps, use CuanDeOro business services, operate with large amounts (€15,000+). P2P between wallets has no mandatory KYC.

Stellar has had 99.99%+ uptime since 2015. The network is distributed across 50+ global validators. In case of partial failure, Byzantine consensus maintains operation. Historical data: average of less than 5 minutes of degradation per year.

Currently ~1,000 TPS (transactions per second) with 3-5s ledgers. In comparison: Visa ~1,700 TPS, Bitcoin ~7 TPS, Ethereum ~15 TPS. Soroban (smart contracts) adds dedicated capacity without affecting base payments.

Transactions are public (addresses and amounts visible), but pseudonymous: your address is not linked to your name unless revealed via KYC on exchanges. Use new addresses for each operation if you prefer separation of financial activities.

Authorities can see transactions on the blockchain (public), but identifying the owner requires cooperation from exchanges with KYC or chain analysis. Under DAC8 (EU), exchanges will report user data, but P2P addresses remain pseudonymous.

Decentralized Exchange native to the network (order book, not AMM). You can swap any Stellar asset directly, without intermediaries. Access via: StellarTerm, Stellarport, Lobstr. Fees = only network fees. Order book is on-chain, transparent and auditable.

Yes, on the Stellar DEX. Example on Lobstr: Swap → EURC → XLM → confirm. The system finds the best route automatically (path payment). There is no mandatory exchange, you always use self-custody wallets.

Off-ramps: 1) Send EURC to exchange with EUR withdrawal (Kraken, Bitstamp) → sell → SEPA to your bank. 2) Direct via Circle (business accounts). 3) P2P services. Typical time: 1-3 business days. Fees: 0.5-2% depending on provider.

Not directly. SEPA → Bank Account → On-ramp (Circle, exchange) → EURC to your Stellar wallet. Some neo-banks integrate crypto, potentially simplifying the process. CuanDeOro is working on direct SEP-24 integration for one-click conversion.

Yes, with Lobstr (mobile) or Freighter (browser), sending EURC is as simple as Bizum. The critical part is secure storage of your seed phrase. If you lose it, you lose access forever. Recommendation: treat it like a €10,000 cash key.

For individuals: Lobstr (mobile, friendly). For developers: Freighter (browser extension). For maximum security: Ledger hardware wallet with Stellar app. All are non-custodial and compatible with EURC.

Provide the transaction hash and we will analyze it immediately. 90% of issues are: incorrect address, missing trustline, insufficient XLM for fees. Our support can guide you, although we cannot reverse transactions (the network is immutable).

On Stellar: USDC (Circle), yUSDC (Ultra Capital), BRLT (Brazilian real). We prefer EURC for eurozone operations due to native MiCA regulation and euro liquidity. USDC is valid for dollar-denominated operations.

Holding EURC has no direct taxation (it's just euros in digital form). Tax events occur when: converting to other crypto with profit (capital gains), receiving it as payment for services (income). In Spain, you must declare crypto holdings over €50,000 in Model 721 (abroad).

Currently we operate via responsive web. Lobstr is the recommended wallet for mobile with EURC integration. Native CuanDeOro app in development for 2025, with SEP-24 for direct euro deposits.

Integration via Stellar SDK (Python/JS/Go): generate Stellar address per transaction, monitor payments via Horizon API, instant reconciliation. No Stripe/PayPal fees. We provide technical documentation and assistance for integration.

MiCA (Markets in Crypto-Assets) is EU regulation effective from June 2024 for stablecoins and December 2024 for all CASPs. EURC is an E-Money Token (EMT) that requires the issuer (Circle) to have an e-money license in the EU, maintain 1:1 reserves in European banks, and submit to regular audits. For users, this means more protection: if Circle fails, your euros are in segregated accounts.

For KYC (legal requirement): name, ID, proof of address, selfie. For operations: Stellar public addresses, transaction hashes. We DO NOT store: private keys, seed phrases, bank passwords. GDPR basis: legal obligation (AML) and legitimate interest (fraud prevention). Retention: 5 years after account closure (legal requirement).

Tiered KYC (basic to enhanced based on volume). Automated transaction monitoring with alerts for unusual patterns. PEP screening (politically exposed persons) and sanctions lists (OFAC, EU). Automatic SARs (Suspicious Activity Reports) to SEPBLAC (Spain). Mandatory training for all staff.

Your assets are ALWAYS in your self-custody wallet. CuanDeOro does not hold your funds. If we close, your EURC/XLM remain on Stellar, accessible with your keys. We are not a bank: there is no FGD (Deposit Guarantee Fund), but neither is there counterparty risk.

CuanDeOro Ltd. is incorporated in Ireland (EU). Contracts are governed by Irish law with EU jurisdiction. Disputes: first mediation via CEDR, then Dublin courts. For Spanish consumers, CESCO consumer arbitration applies if they prefer.

DAC8 (January 2026) requires CASPs to report crypto transactions to EU tax authorities. Practical impact: your transactions on CuanDeOro will be reported to your country of tax residence. Recommendation: ensure your declarations are consistent with your actual activity.

Yes, with restrictions. In Spain, crypto advertising to over 100,000 people requires 10-day CNMV prior notice. All materials must include: "Investment in crypto-assets is not regulated, may not be suitable for retail investors, and the entire amount invested may be lost." We comply scrupulously.

EU regulation requiring CASPs to share sender/receiver information for transfers over €1,000. For self-custody wallets, proof of ownership applies. In practice: for large transfers via CuanDeOro, we may ask you to sign a message with your wallet to verify ownership. Does not affect P2P between self-custody wallets.

CuanDeOro Ltd. operates from Ireland under MiCA authorization (pending, expected Q1 2025). For Spanish clients, we will notify the Bank of Spain for EU passporting. The current register of crypto service providers at the Bank of Spain will migrate to MiCA regime.

1) Internal: email to complaints@cuandeoro.com, response within 15 business days. 2) If not satisfied: CEDR mediation (ADR). 3) EU consumers: Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) platform. 4) Litigation: Dublin courts or Spanish consumer arbitration.

No. Under MiCA, E-Money Tokens (EMT) like EURC are prohibited from offering interest to holders. This differentiates them from bank deposits. Your EURC maintains value 1:1 with the euro, but does not grow passively. Some DeFi protocols on Stellar offer yield, but with associated risks.

No. Minimum age is 18 years (age of majority in EU). KYC requires valid government ID. Minors may use crypto with parental supervision outside regulated platforms. We recommend financial education before handling digital assets.